Information Technology And Quality Customer Service :: essays research papers

Information Technology and tone customer service How is this achieved at the County of San Bernardino?In times past quality service was not important to managers and staff that worked for the County of San Bernardino. However due to the proliferation of corruption and mismanagement taxpayers are demanding more for their dollar. It is a known fact that when local organization is run efficiently more people can be put to work. The money saved from this can in turn be used to arrive at the local cities. Civic improvements can be made instead of paying for people to sit at home. To create this quality service information engine room needed to be implemented. This where the BAS or (Business Applications and Support) division enters the picture. The mission of BAS is to provide quality computer software support through a customer service point methodology.A while back, before ITSD, there were ASU (Automated Systems Unit) analysts who lead and coordinated automation projects. They w ould gather up the requests from the different SSG divisions/departments, do a preliminary analysis, write a work order stating the request and/or problem that was to be solved through automation. The work order would then find its way to ISD (Information Services Department) where it would be assigned to a political programmer analyst who would do an in-depth analysis with the help of the ASU analyst and define the requirements for the automation project. The programming would begin and soon, a new program was created and deployed. The requests and problems soon began to multiply and expand until it was like a virtual snowstorm of requests, too many for one small unit to keep under control. attend arrived around 1990 in the form of the Automation Project Administrator the first of the Automation Coordination Specialists gathered together to relieve some of the burden falling on ASU. The Automation Project Administrator soon gathered in a handful of Automation Coordination Special ists who took on much of the job of the initial analysis of automation requests and problem definition. They met with the users, defined the problem, wrote the initial work order, which then went to ASU to forward to ISD, and often worked with the ISD programmers. The two units, ASU and ACU, found themselves still unable to keep up with the many automation requests, particularly since ASU had years before branched out into computer hardware requisition and maintenance. Then came Information Technology and Support Division (ITSD).

Electronic Medical Files: A Threat to Privacy? Essay -- Exploratory Es

Electronic Medical Files A Threat to Privacy? Abstract Electronic medical checkup databases and the ability to store medical files in them shake off made our lives easier in many ways and riskier in others. The main risk they pose is the safety of our personal data if put on an insecure an insecure medium. What if someone gets their hands on your information and uses it in ways you dont approve of? Can you stop them? To keep your information safe and to hold open faith in this invaluable technology, the issue of access must be addressed. Guidelines are needed to establish who has access and how they may get it. This is necessary for the security of the information a, to preserve privacy, and to maintain existing benefits. Imagine a gravely sick person in a hospital bed. Tubes and wires connect him to whirring machines like medical sweater cables he lays almost lifeless except for the barely perceptible vitality pumped into them by the system of machines we call life enterta in. Take a blink of an eye to think about the roles that computers play in this scenario. Now imagine the scene and the patients condition without computers. Thats easy. There is nothing no slow breathing, no whirring of machines, no dripping IV, no beeping heart monitor. Not only would the person probably be dead, but everything from the reclining bed to the nurse call button to the life support system relies on computers. Computers have totally proliferated the world of medicine. They are used to monitor vital signs, to operate artificial hearts and to compile and store medical histories. Though not directly related to our well being, the last use is of utmost importance. Today, the use of medical databases and computer... ...Berkeley National Laboratorys Ethical, Legal, Social Issues in Science barf 2.White House release, Wednesday, December 20, 2000 on www.cdt.org/privacy/medical/001220whitehouse.shtml posted by the Center for Technology and Democracy 3. www.ama-assn.org/sc i-pubs/msjama/articles/vol_285/no_13/jms0404014.htmref3 Journal of the American Medical Association. 4.www.techtv.com/cybercrime/privacy/ invention/0,23008,3320805,00.html a website with good facts corroborated from other sources 5. Sara Baase, A Gift of Fire. Published by Prentice Hall, 1997. p 61 6.www.aclu.org/action/medregs/readstories.html medical privacy anecdotes from newspapers gathered by the A.C.L.U. 7. Personal Communication F. Makedon, class discussion, Sept, 2001 8.www.netreach.net/wmanning/otadig.htm part of an extensive website dedicated to medical privacy issues

Cyberporn Essay - California and Lewd Matter to a Minor Over the Internet :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

California and Lewd Matter to a Minor Over the meshing   On August 3, 2000, the California Court of Appeals for the First Appellate District, Division Five, affirmed the conviction of defendant on two counts of attempting to distribute or designate lewd matter to a minor via the Internet.(People) This essay explores the development of this verdict.   The Court rejected defendants Commerce Clause and First Amendment challenges to Cal. Pen. Code 288.2(b) which makes it a crime for each person who, with knowledge that a person is a minor, knowingly distributes, sends, causes to be sent, exhibits, or offers to distribute or exhibit by electronic mail, the Internet ..., to a minor with the intent of arousing, appealing to, or gratifying the lust or passions or sexual desires of that person or of a minor, and with the intent, or for the purpose of seducing a minor, is guilty of a public offense and shall be punished by imprisonment in the state prison or in a county jail. A p erson convicted of a second and any subsequent conviction for a violation of this section is guilty of a felony.(Ibid)   Pursuant to an undercover investigation on the Internet, defendant initiated two instant messages with a detective posing as a 14 year old boy. During the electronic conversations, defendant sent photographs, do an offer to engage in specific sexual acts and invited the boy to meet him at his house. The Court held Section 288.2(b) did not violate the Commerce Clause because no legitimate commerce would be burdened by penalizing the transmission of harmful sexual material to known minors in order to seduce them.(Ibid)   Rejecting defendants line of reasoning that the statute subjects Internet users to inconsistent regulations, the Appeals Court distinguished the instant statute from the law challenged in American Libraries Assn. v. Pataki, 969 F. Supp. 160 (S.D.N.Y. 1997).(American)   The Pataki Court held the New York statute profaned the Commerce C lause because The nature of the Internet, like that of rail and highway traffic, requires a cohesive national scheme of regulation so that users are reasonably able to fructify their obligations. Absent national regulations, according to Pataki, Internet users would be subject to inconsistent local statutes regulating the content of their communications.   The California Appeals Court found determinative the knowledge and intent elements missing from the New York statute, but present in Section 288.

Lsd :: essays research papers

LSD     The use of drugs among Ameri spates is rapidly rising. They can be boughtand sold almost anywhere, from the streets to hallways of schools. A drug onthe rapid rise from the 70s is LSD. Some people attribute this to the fact itis extremely inexpensive, $2-4 a hit, the wrong belief by users that it is asafer drug than marijuana because it isnt physically addicting. However, LSDis a hallucinogenic drug that is very dangerous, despite popular belief.     LSD stands for Lysergic Acid Diethylamide. Lysergic acid is extractedfrom the fungus Ergot, and then left to wrap up until it is pure. It wasfirst accidentally discovered by Albert Hoffman in 1938 in Switzerland, who wassearching for possible therapeutic uses of Ergot. Hoffman continued hisexperiments, but never came in contact with the crystals until1943. (LSD can beabsorbed through the skin.) Hoffman then sent LSD around the world to be testedand investigated to find medical uses. Lyse rgic acid deviates were found to reduce migraines and control postpartum hemorrhage because it causes veins tocontract, but also caused gangrene of the limbs, and so further experimentationwith the drug was abandoned. In the late 50s, however, LSD was used by theCIA as an interrogation drug for spies. However, it was proven to be unreliableand was later replaced with other interrogation drugs.     LSD comes in the forms of crystals, liquids, tablets, gelatins, orblotting squ atomic number 18s. The squares have designs on them such(prenominal) a flowers, dragons,shapes, animals, and cartoon characters to make them more attractive to youngchildren. Often called acid, white lightning, stamps, microdot, and gratefuldead, LSD is usually taken orally.There are 4 levels of endure an LSD user will go through. The firsttakes place within 45 minutes of ingestion. The user begins to feel enhancedsenses. Colors are brighter, sounds are more distinct, and a user whitethorn f eeldizzy. The second level is the plateau. Between hours one and three, the userwill "see" sounds and "hear" objects. This experience of a mingling of thesenses is called synethesva. Patterns within material such as sweaters andblankets appear. A user may see figures within smoke from incense, or spend wide periods of time examining lines on the palm of their hand. Clock timebecomes distorted and slows almost to a stand still, whole minutes seem to passlike hours. comminuted hallucinations may appear. The third stage from hours 4-7is the climax. Colors are greatly magnified, while once familiar shapesdistorted beyond recognition. The hallucinations become intense, and totalunreal objects may appear.

Hiroshima, The World Is No Lon :: essays research papers

Ideas of creating this first nuclear fusion reaction had been around for quite some time. Wanting to explore new levels of advancement in science engineering science were scientist all around the world, working to shape, what was termed Nuclear Fusion. There had been a few attempts at making, if possible, the impossible dream come alive. The idea of splitting an atom, which contains neutrons, electrons, and protons, had been be adrift around in the scientists minds for as long as the realized existence of an atom had been there. When this great and unimaginable feat was overcome, the world shuddered and wept at its magnificence and it power. On August 2,1939 Albert Einstein wrote a letter to the President of the United States of America warning him of the advancements that him and his fellow scientists were coming upon. In his letter he described the possibilities of what they were to the highest degree to create. He described all of his thoughts to the president, about what gre at things their dream could be used for, and what horrible things it could bring in its development. The first three physicists to create a nuclear chain reaction were Enrico Fermi, Italian-American Leo Szilard, Hungarian and Frdric Joliot-Curie, French. Enrico Fermi was born in Rome on September 21, 1901. He contributed in the creation of the first controlled nuclear reaction. For his efforts he was purityed the 1938 Peace Prize. Being a skilled and intelligent man in his field of nuclear science, he was one and only(a) of the many scientists selected to work on Loa Alamos, New Mexico on the American project to construct the first atomic bomb. Leo Szilard, born February 11, 1898 in Budapest. He encourage and aided Albert Einstein to write the letter to FDR about the potential military use of atomic energy. Szilard also contributed to the creation of the first controlled nuclear reaction in 1939. Frdric Joliot-Curie, born in Paris France, March 19, 1900. He ended up sharing the 1 935 Peace prize with Irene Joliot-Curie, his wife. They were given this prestigious award for their work in the field of chemistry. During World War 2, Frdric Joliot-Curie became part of the Communist party. In 1951 he was awarded the Stalin Peace Prize for his work in the field of chemistry. He Later died in 1958, only a few years later. There had been a secret rush in America to create a nuclear bomb.

Hiroshima, The World Is No Lon :: essays research papers

Ideas of creating this first nuclear fusion reaction had been around for rather some time. Wanting to explore new levels of advancement in science technology were scientist all around the world, working to create, what was termed Nuclear Fusion. There had been a few attempts at making, if possible, the impossible dream come alive. The idea of splitting an atom, which contains neutrons, electrons, and protons, had been floating around in the scientists minds for as long as the realized globe of an atom had been there. When this great and unimaginable feat was overcome, the world shuddered and wept at its magnificence and it power. On August 2,1939 Albert Einstein wrote a letter to the President of the United States of the States warning him of the advancements that him and his fellow scientists were coming upon. In his letter he described the possibilities of what they were about to create. He described all of his thoughts to the president, about what great things their dream could be used for, and what horrible things it could bring in its development. The first three physicists to create a nuclear chain reaction were Enrico Fermi, Italian-American Leo Szilard, Hungarian and Frdric Joliot-Curie, French. Enrico Fermi was born in Rome on September 21, 1901. He contributed in the creation of the first controlled nuclear reaction. For his efforts he was awarded the 1938 Peace Prize. Being a skilled and intelligent man in his field of nuclear science, he was one of the many scientists selected to work on Loa Alamos, New Mexico on the American communicate to construct the first atomic bomb. Leo Szilard, born February 11, 1898 in Budapest. He encouraged and aided Albert Einstein to write the letter to FDR about the potential armed forces use of atomic energy. Szilard also contributed to the creation of the first controlled nuclear reaction in 1939. Frdric Joliot-Curie, born in Paris France, March 19, 1900. He ended up sharing the 1935 Peace prize with Irene Jolio t-Curie, his wife. They were given this prestigious award for their work in the field of chemistry. During World War 2, Frdric Joliot-Curie became part of the Communist party. In 1951 he was awarded the Stalin Peace Prize for his work in the field of chemistry. He Later died in 1958, only a few years later. There had been a secret rush in America to create a nuclear bomb.

ANALYSIS OF RESULTS FROM AN EDUCATIONAL QUESTIONNAIRE

The followers is a elaborate analysis of the responses to the two different questionnaires. The full questionnaires and replies are summarized in tabular arraies in the appendix ( delight see appendix E and appendix F ) .The response rates to both questionnaires were comparatively good. From the arouses, 6 out of 15 returned a completed questionnaire, good-looking a response rate of 40 % . From the instructors, healers and other school staff 13 out of 23 returned a completed questionnaire, fine-looking a response rate of 56 %Background of call forths and frysAll 6 responsives to the parents questionnaire were the several female parents of the kids with autism no male parents, carers or other relations responded straight. The ages of their kids ranged between 9.2 and 10.7 doddering ages ( average = 9.9 ) and all except for one had just now one kid with particular demands. This peculiar female parent reported to hold another boy ( aged 13 old ages ) with autism and to boot t errible larning troubles every bit good as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( ADHD ) .The parents heard almost the school with an ABA programme from different beginnings. Two of them were referred by friends two found out nearly it on the World Wide Web, one was referred by a physician and one by a charity called PEACH ( Parents for the early interference of autism in kids ) . The motives of the parents to direct their kid to the school were in any event different for cardinal parents it was peculiarly because of the school-based ABA programme one of these four even followed an ABA-program at place before fleck another one wanted to exchange to an Applied behavior synopsis-based intercession as she did nt experience that her autistic kid was doing any noticeable advancement at the Local Education Authority ( LEA ) school. Another parent had problem acquiring support for the coveted home-based ABA protrude from her local council and so opted for a school-based attac k ( which the local council agreed to fund ) , while the last respondent simply indicated that the school was what she wanted .The continuance of those 6 kids at school ranged from merely half a twelvemonth to over 5 old ages, giving an norm of 3.5 old ages and a median of 3.8 old ages.Teachers experience with and positions of ABAThe 13 teachers/school staff who participated in the questionnaire had really different degrees of experience. Experience degrees measured in old ages ranged from merely under 1 twelvemonth to 11 old ages with a median of 3 old ages demoing a really broad break up of the consequences. The mean experience of instructors was 4.3 old ages. 12 out of the 13 school staff were existent instructors, 1 indicated to be other school staff .Asked about the restrictions and bet ons of Applied conduct Analysis, instructors replied that ABA might non be suited to all kids with autism and that the chief hazard is that kids can go prompt dependent or dependant on one-on-one support, which may curtail their societal accomplishments development in the hereafter. Teachers besides noted that Applied Behaviour Analysis is a really stiff and intensifier manner of learning which can be difficult to follow, seting a stool of emphasis on the households, and if non applied properly it could be damaging to a kid s advancement. Other instructors / healers besides mentioned the want of secondary proviso after the kid leaves the peculiar school ( which is primary merely ) and that the see is really expensive. Unfortunately, merely 11 of the 13 instructors replied to this inquiry.Parents cognition of, experience and engagement with ABAFrom the six parents reacting the questionnaire, 5 described their cognition as really good , while one mat up that she had several(prenominal) cognition . Besides, 5 out of 6 had some old experience with Applied Behaviour Analysis rules, either through a home-based plan or another ABA-lead school. one(a) parent besides applied different, more specialised signifiers of ABA before, such as spring led Applied Behaviour Analysis attack, independent Verbal Behaviour ( VB ) programme and Lovaas.Interestingly, the instructors responses to the inquiry sing parents cognition and experience is really different instructors find that the cognition degree of parents varies a batch and on the border, parents prepare far excessively small apprehension of the ABA-approach. They see a direct relationship between the degree of involvement a parent shows to his or her degree of cognition and emphasis that the school is already offering a batch of information to parents in order to maintain them up to mean solar day of the month about their autistic kid s behaviour programme. Teachers believe that the engagement of parents in their kid s Applied Behaviour Analysis plan is really of import. The chief benefits in the eyes of the school staff are consistence and continuity in the manner the kid is worked w ith, particularly in the initial phases of the ABA-program execution. However, instructors complain that most parents are non involved plenty in their kid s ABA plan. Most suspect that the causal agent for this are merely a deficiency of clip, involvement, cognition and in some instances besides their bad commandment of English. somewhat besides say that parents merely necessitate much more support.All of the parents have seen betterments in their autistic kid s behavior since following the Applied Behaviour Analysis programme at school. Most parents saw betterments in the communicating of their kid, some to boot celebrated betterments in accomplishments, behavior and assurance. No troubles have been reported except for nail-biting in 2 out of the 6 instances.Use of ABA at placeTeachers believe that utilizing Applied Behaviour Analysis outside of school ( e.g. at place ) has a figure of advantages for a kid with autism. Chiefly it reinforces what the kid has bring in at school bu t more significantly it provides consistence to the kid, allows him to talk behaviors and potentially larn more behaviors and accomplishments. nonpareil instructor thought that it is non possible to generalise the advantages for all kids, another one idea that its good to follow ABA rules when covering with behaviors of the kid, but non utile to utilize in all state of affairss at place.However, the 11 out of 13 instructors besides identified a figure of hazards with utilizing ABA outside school 2 of the instructors thought there were no hazards at all. The chief hazard identified was that parents would necessitate to be decently trained in order to use ABA right and systematically with the manner it is done at school. Otherwise, kids could acquire confused, perhaps unlearn some of the good behavior and accomplishments that they have acquired at school and perchance even acquire frustrated. Teachers besides mentioned that kids could go easy prompt-dependant , that Applied Beha viour Analysis is non a natural manner to educate or handle kids and if applied throughout would make an unrealistically structured universe for the kid with autism. One instructor besides mentioned that utilizing ABA both inside and outside school could be excessively much for kids, as the plan is really intensive.Of the six parents take component in the questionnaire, 5 presently use ABA rules at place. However the strength varies a batch between the households. One female parent indicated she used it 80 % of the clip, two moths use it in the eventides or on Saturday forenoon, one mainly for lavatory preparation and the 5th female parent gave no clear power of how much she used it but said that she would utilize it to generalise what is taught at school . Asked about whether they would see utilizing ABA more at place, parents sentiments seem to be divided three replied that they would non utilize it more, or merely if a new debatable behaviour would emerge, while two said th at they would wish to utilize it more, e.g. during school vacations. One of these two said that she would necessitate more support and preparation. The 6th female parent gave no response at all to this inquiry.Teachers and healers believe that the chief grounds why parents do non utilize Applied Behaviour Analysis at place are linked to a deficiency of the necessary clip and cognition. Some instructors besides believe that other household committednesss, e.g. other kids and spouse, and a deficiency of support play a function in it. One instructor suspects that some parents may differ with ABA and that there might non be adequate communicating and trust between the parents and the school.Asked about how parents could be encouraged to utilize ABA more at place, instructors believe that both preparation and place visits would be most of import. Two instructors besides think that a better communicating between the school and the parents would assist, while some suggest that parents shou ld see the school more frequently and, for illustration, attend workshops or merely detect their kid in schoolroom. One instructor besides believes that more support is needed to acquire parents more involved in Applied Behaviour Analysis programmes at place.Finally, parents were asked about any other intercession techniques they used to handle their autistic kids. Two of them answered that they were utilizing the Relationship Development Intervention ( RDI ) , one tried the Son-Rise Programme and yet another female parent uses a gluten casein free and OT free diet. The two staying parents indicated that they were non utilizing any other intercessions.

Civilization in Africa

The era of African civilization is a pre-colonial history of 16,000 BC through 1800. Africa is well known with diversity of culture and many colonial masters. The civilization ranges widely from the social and cultural points of view. It does not exclude the engineering science and the economy.From an objective oerview, it shall be demonstrated that histories and civilization of Africa since 1800 is a clue to understanding the essential roles played by the African race and continent as a whole in the genealogy of human race. The topic civilization in Africa is inexhaustible. We shall consider each heading in brief.IntroductionAfrica is a large continent of immense population tribes and size, or so covering a whole twelve million squares acresscape in miles. This distance is times three of the United States of America. Majority of the land mass is hardened along the globe tropics. Others are rain forests, tropical forest comprising less than ten percent of the continent.Much of its surface is enveloped by open grassland, Savannas forestation, change plain land and deserts. In geographical and geological terms, Africa is formed by numerous high plateaus broken in the easterly by the Great good luck Valley and the mountains that surround it large rivers River Congo, River Nile, River Zambezi, and River Niger.Begin in the interior of the continent and flow to the sea over the great falls and cataracts this marks the channel from the plateau elaborate the coast.The Ghana EmpireColonized in the southeastern Mauritania, westwardmostern Mali, and Eastern Senegal. It began in the 8th century with a dramatic drift in Sahel economy airfield southern Sahara. Initially, camel was introduced. This preceded Muslims and Islam centuries ago. Later, there was introduction evolutional trade, extensive gold, ivory, and salt resources.These were sent to North Africa, Middle East and Europe in an exchange or other needed manufactured goods and commodities. The succes s of the empire was connected in addition to aforesaid exchange, from rich trans-Saharan trade in gold and salt. They gain control over other lucrative trades. In addition to its success, Ghana could harbor army of over 200,000 soldiers.The Mali EmpireFounded by Sundiata Keita, and reigns from 1235 to 1600. Otherwise known as Manding Empire or Manden Kurufa. Of grandeur are the cultural influences Mali Empire had on westbound Africa in terms of language, laws and customs. Kouroukan Fouga reigned in Mali Empire with a notable social and economic reform, relieving mal-handled slaves, encouraging women in advocate.Mansa Mari reigned conquered several icons in Mali empire. With this, he ruled a larger realm that out ways that o Ghana Empire, extending over a thousand miles east to west. Having unified Manden, Mari added Wagara goldfields among the conquered lands were northern commercial towns Oulata and Audaghost. Mali Empire was indeed great.The Mutapa EmpireSimply means conquered land. The empire was created by Rozi o the modern-day Shonans. The founder of the ruling dynasty was Mbire, a semi-mythical potentate active in the 13th century. Mbires purported great-great-grandson Nyatsimba was the first ruler to assume the title of the owner of the Conquered Lands and Peoples.Mutapa Empire survived based on the Chinaware and fabrics were exchanged for deluxe gold before the states collapsed and moved to Mount Fura. Portuguese attempted to overpower Shona but failed (Fernand Braudel).CivilizationAgricultureOwing that the first domesticated cultivations were sorghums and millets, the origin of agricultural civilization is traced far to the West Asia. The channel of agricultural transportation is marked to have gone via the Egypt or Ethiopia they both had contact with the Red Sea. The agricultural civilization is traced far as 3000 B.C.The talk of Sahara, moving people to the south sub-Saharan African provides a sustained fish farming for livelihood. African bega n to plant and develop its own crops. This did not belt up exclude warn reception on import foods from neighboring continent in addendum. The foundational area for African crops domestication ranges between Ethiopia through the southern Sudan to West Africa.The success of earlier crops gave confidence to planting other cash crops such as bananas which were introduced from the Southern Asia. In 16th century, maize, manioc, apples and other crops spread through the land from America.Live strain rearing also originated from outside the African continent. Cattle for example were introduced from Asia. Horses spread across Sudan to West Africa from West Asia through the Hyksos invader in Egypt. Live stock serves a mean of survival in the arid region of Savanna belt and the Sahara.The spread of cattle were significantly limited by tsetse tent-fly in certain part of Africa. The fly is a carrier of causative organism causing sleeping sickness. According to experts, the tsetse flourished i n wet lowlands areas at a lower place the sea level of 3300 feet, and it severely limited pastoralism and also hindered the use of animals for farming and transport as away of life in large areas of West and fundamental Africa.Technological driftThe civilization of Africa recorded a technological shift from technology of stone to technology of iron. The shifting earlier passed sequentially through the stages of copper and dye metallurgy. The Phoenicians transported the knowledge of iron smelting technology from Near East and Anatolia of Africa to their colonies.The knowledge of iron smelting had been in existence for over a thousand years B. C. From here, iron technology migrated to the Western Europe. Some of the evidences of iron technology originating in Africa still remain in substantial part of Nigeria culture, Ghana, and Mali.In the uncivilized African, iron symbolized a possession of Power. The blacksmith do tools and weapons from iron, the possessions of which confirm th e owners an important place in the society.America received late development in metallurgy. In the present civilized Africa, Africans have found a go use in making cutleries, utensils and as a mean of revenue generation fro exportation.EconomyAfricans usually inhabit a small enclosure with poor sanitation. This owe to the poor economy condition led to numerous avoidable and preventable prevailing diseases. The politics of importing raw materials to finance the economy and develop Africa dysphoric the colonial masters.The first colonial response was rather a move to separate Africans from Asians and Europeans, and establish control laws, hence, the establishment of apartheid policy in South Africa in 1950. This policy later spread to Nairobi, Harare, Lusaka.With the dragging economic recession over years in the past, prices of African exporting products fell drastically, leading to a enunciate economic downturn and crisis. Leaderships of Africa lend a helping hand from civilized c ontinents to salvage the suffering masses.With the knowledge, the mining companies for example began to prefer permanent workers, authorities changed nearly stiff policies to effect change and facilitate development.The new policies mainly strengthened the land control by individuals, city increment and by and large understand life easier for a better administration. Sequel to the introduction of the apartheid policies, the urban migration received a boost of 3.3% and an overall of 4.6% in Africa. Some challenges that the policy is regionally limited.The growth in economy further encouraged many other civilization agenda Africa. Social amenities and services, including primary schools, secondary schools, and even some ordinal institutions were built close to the end of the colonial era.With the collective support and the regain of economic depression in 1930, infrastructures were developed to meet the peculiar need of the people/masses. These were road constructions, electricity grid erection, and provision of borehole water among others.EducationGradually in early 90s, African begins to travel around the world in search of westernization. The discovery of western education has been a major brake through in the continent.Through education, African became significantly independent to take care of her own health, though with the limited power to manufacture drugs and equipment. The advent of information and technology in the present civilized Africa is a dividend of academic liberation from ignorance and hard life.ConclusionBut for civilization, hard ship and sufferings would amount a gradual extinct of the human source itself- the African land. On the scale of development many grounds are even so to be conquered for African dependent. over 60% of Africans daily needs are still based on importation, the huge debt to World Bank and IMF is an economic enslavement that speaks loud of underdeveloped and yet civilized Africa.When will Africa and the entire blac k race be free of bad leadership that failed to focus on the pertinent needs in the provoke of its economy? When will our mother land that gave birth to nations be redeemed from gradual abstract extinction? With a civilized utilization of African abundant natural resources, the room is widely open to absorbed awaiting development and full civilization.ReferencesLobell, Jarrett (July/August 2002). Etruscan Pompeii. Archaeological Institute of America 55 (4). Retrieved on September 2007.Libourel, Anthony, Jan (1973). A Battle of Uncertain Outcome in the Second Samnite War. American Journal of Philosophy 94 (1) 71. Retrieved on Sep. 2007Diamond, Jared (1999). Guns, Germs, and Steel The Fates of Human Societies. Norton.

Chronology in ‘A Rose for Emily’ Essay

William Faulkner unsays into account the ever-complicated concept of time in A Rose for Emily. It is a manifestation his contemplation on the nature of time. It lacks a standard chronology. Faulkner ensnargon almost three quarters of century in a few page bilgewater. He does it superbly by avoiding a proper chronological order. Faulkner skillfully put the story up to demonstrate the indefinable and intangible character of time. He constructs it in such a baffling manner that it is hard to detect any chronological order of the plot.Time does not flow in a linear direction but take a circular direction with the progress of story. Fault consciously or unconsciously does not concern himself with specific dates. A handful of explicit dates are cited in the story. But these indications reveal as plenty of information about the linear chronology of the vents. For example, it is quite clear that remittance of Emilys taxes by Colonel Sartoris takes place in 1894. It is further provided th at he is dead for the last ten years and this the time Emily meets the new aldermen.Story further discloses that Emily died at 74. This hint capacitates us to construct a linear chronology of the events. The linear sequence of events in Emilys life is as follow Section 4 illustrates her birth during civil war. Section 2 describes a joint ride with her father in an old wagon. Her father dies. Homer Barron appears on the scene and an amorous affairs starts with Emily in section 3. She purchases male catchment area set and outfits for him in section 4. We are again forced to revert back to section 3 when town people degrade him and reverted back and circulate her cousin.Section 4 is marked with the arrival of cousins and departure of Homer from the town. He returns back after the exit of her cousins. We again slip back to section 3 where Emily purchase poison from a local vendor and Homer disappears in the next section. Section 2 illustrate stink from her house indicating his death a nd quartette aldermen are shown sprinkling water on her grave. Faulkner has used a novel narrative technique as story starts with Emilys funeral (the end) and concludes with the finding of Homers rotten dead body.Faulkners concept of time and its effective utilization does not weaken the story but it is the most obvious strength of its plot, social structure and thematic expressions. Although sacrificeation of time in this manner is mostly related is subject to philosophical orientation of the author but it had deep impact on the plot. He merges past into present and present into past and this feature of the story captivates the reader. Faulkner gives the story a chronology, but as with so many of his stories, we have to mixed bag it out (McGlynn 461) Furthermore, it hinders the formulation of readers judgment about Emily till the end.The effects of this non-linear chronology on the story are beautifully summed up by McGlynn (1969). He says that A chronology of A Rose for Emily i s useful for at least two reasons it makes the plot more easily comprehensible, and it helps clarify the function of time in the story (461). By evading a clear and linear chronological order of events, Faulkner attempts to provide his reader a riddle comprised of various bits. However, he provides clues to facilitate this puzzle-solving. The motive do-nothing this exercise seems to involve his reader more deeply in the story.So above-mentioned arguments and supported evidence clearly suggest that time is not present in a simple chronological way in the story but it is manifested in random manner and plot flows with the flow of the consciousness of the bank clerk and does not follow the rules and principle of chronological time. Works Cited Faulkner, William. 1970. A rose for Emily. Columbus Merrill. McGlynn, Paul D. 1969. William Faulkner An Interpretation The Chronology of A Rose for Emily, Studies in Short Fiction. 6.

As Fast as Food Essay

tumultuous diet eateryA extravagant regimen eatery, withal know as a quick emolument eatery (QSR) within the industry itself, is a specific type of restaurant characterized both by its stiff pabulum cuisine and by minimal table service. Food served in profligate nutrient restaurants typic eithery caters to a meat-sweet diet and is offered from a limited card is cooked in bulk in advance and kept hot is finished and packaged to order and is usually available ready to take a instruction, though seating may be provided. riotous nourishment restaurants ar usually embark on of a restaurant chain or franchise operation, which provisions standardized ingredients and/or partly prep ard viandss and supplies to each restaurant with and through controlled supply channels. The term immobile regimen was recognized in a dictionary by MerriamWebster in 1951. 1 arguably the for the first time libertine aliment restaurants originated in the joined States with A&W in 1916 and Wh ite castle in 1921. 2 Today, Ameri goat-founded fast nutrition arrange such(prenominal)(prenominal) as McDonalds and KFC ar multinational corporations with outlets across the globe.Variations on the fast forage restaurant concept include fast casual restaurants and catering trucks. Fast casual restaurants stand higher sit-in ratios, and customers can sit and get to their orders brought to them. Catering trucks often park just outside worksites and be prevalent with milling machinery workers. HistorySome trace the modern history of fast food in the States to July 7, 1912, with the opening of a fast food restaurant called the Automat in saucy York.The Automat was a cafeteria with its prep ard foods behind small field glass windows and coin-operated slots. Joseph Horn and Frank Hardart had already opened the first Horn & Hardart Automat in Philadelphia in 1902, but their Automat at Broadway and 13th Street, in New York City, created a sensation. Numerous Automat restaurant s were built around the country to deal with the demand. Automats remained extremely everyday throughout the 1920s and 1930s. The company alike popularized the notion of take-out food, with their slogan Less work for Mother.Some historians and secondary school textbooks concur that A&W, which opened in 1919 and began franchising in 1921, was the first fast food restaurant (E. Tavares). Thus, the American company White Castle is generally ascribe with opening the second fast-food outlet in Wichita, Kansas in 1921, selling ground beefs for pentad cents apiece from its creation and spawning numerous competitors and emulators. What is certain, however, is that White Castle do the first significant effort to standardize the food production in, look of, and operation of fast-food ground beef restaurants.William Ingrams and Walter Andersons White Castle System created the first fast food supply chain to provide meat, buns, paper goods, and other supplies to their restaurants, pione ered the concept of the multistate beefburger restaurant chain, standardized the look and construction of the restaurants themselves, and charge developed a construction division that manufactured and built the chains prefabricated restaurant buildings.The McDonalds Speedee profit System and, much later, Ray Krocs McDonalds outlets and Hamburger University all built on principles, systems and practices that White Castle had already established between 1923 and 1932. The hamburger restaurant just about associated by the public with the term fast food was created by two brothers originally from Nashua, New Hampshire. Richard and Maurice McDonald opened a barbecue get it on in 1940 in the city of San Bernardino, California.After clasping that most of their profits came from hamburgers, the brothers closed their restaurant for three months and reopened it in 1948 as a walk-up stand fling a simple menu of hamburgers, french hot up, shakes, coffee, and Coca-Cola, served in disposab le paper wrapping. As a result, they could produce hamburgers and fries constantly, without waiting for customer orders, and could serve them straightaway hamburgers cost 15 cents, about half the price at a typical diner. Their stream lined production method, which they cookd the Speedee Service System was influenced by the production line innovations of Henry Ford.By 1954, The McDonald brothers stand was restaurant equipment manufacturer Prince Castles biggest purchaser of milkshake blending machines. Prince Castle salesman Ray Kroc traveled to California to discover why the company had purchased almost a dozen of the units as opposed to the normal one or two found in most restaurants of the time. Enticed by the success of the McDonalds concept, Kroc signed a franchise agreement with the brothers and began opening McDonalds restaurants in Illinois. 3 By 1961, Kroc had bought out the brothers and created what is now the modern McDonalds Corporation. superstar of the major parts of his business plan was to promote cleanliness of his restaurants to growing groups of Americans that had be enumerate aware of food safety issues. As part of his commitment to cleanliness, Kroc often took part in cleaning his own Des Plaines, Illinois outlet by hosing down the garbage cans and scraping gum off the cement. Another concept Kroc added was great swaths of glass which enabled the customer to view the food breeding, a practice still found in chains such as Krispy Kreme.A clean melody was provided part of Krocs grander plan which separated McDonalds from the rest of the competition and attributes to their great success. Kroc envisioned making his restaurants appeal to suburban families. 4 At roughly the aforesaid(prenominal) time as Kroc was conceiving what eventually became McDonalds Corporation, two Miami, Florida businessmen, James McLamore and David Edgerton, opened a franchise of the predecessor to what is now the international fast food restaurant chain Burger K ing.McLamore had visited the original McDonalds hamburger stand belonging to the McDonald brothers sensing potential in their innovative assembly line- base production system, he decided he wanted to open a similar operation of his own. 56 The two partners eventually decided to invest their money in Jacksonville, Florida-based Insta-Burger King. Originally opened in 1953, the founders and owners of the chain, Kieth J. Kramer and his married womans uncle Matthew Burns, opened their first stores around a piece of equipment known as the Insta-Broiler.The Insta-Broiler oven proved so successful at cooking burgers, they controld all of their franchises to carry the device. 5 By 1959 McLamore and Edgarton were operating several reparations within the Miami-Dade area and were growing at a fast clip. Despite the success of their operation, the partners discovered that the design of the insta-broiler made the units heating elements prone to degradation from the drippings of the beef pattie s. The pair eventually created a mechanized gas grill that avoided the problems by changing the way the meat patties were cooked in the unit.After the original company began to falter in 1959, it was purchased by McLamore and Edgerton who renamed the company Burger King. 7 While fast food restaurants usually grant a seating area in which customers can eat the food on the premises, orders are designed to be taken away, and traditional table service is rare. Orders are generally taken and paid for at a wide counter, with the customer waiting by the counter for a tray or container for their food. A drive-through service can al gloomy customers to order and pick up food from their cars.Nearly from its inception, fast food has been designed to be eaten on the go and often does not require traditional cutlery and is eaten as a finger food. Common menu items at fast food outlets include fish and chips, sandwiches, pitas, hamburgers, fried cowardly, french fries, chicken nuggets, tacos, p izza, and ice cream, although legion(predicate) fast food restaurants offer slower foods like chili, mashed potatoes, and salads. CuisineModern commercial fast food is highly processed and prepared on a large scale from bulk ingredients using standardized cooking and production methods and equipment.It is usually rapidly served in cartons or bags or in a pliable wrapping, in a fashion which reduces operating costs by allowing rapid product identification and counting, promoting longer holding time, avoiding transfer of bacteria, and facilitating order fulfillment. In most fast food trading operations, menu items are generally made from processed ingredients prepared at a central supply facilities and then shipped to individual outlets where they are cooked (usually by grill, microwave, or deep-frying) or assembled in a short amount of time either in anticipation of upcoming orders (i. e. , to stock) or in response to actual orders (i. e., to order).Following standard operating pr ocedures, pre-cooked products are monitored for freshness and disposed of if holding times become excessive.This process ensures a ordered level of product quality, and is key to delivering the order quickly to the customer and avoiding labor and equipment costs in the individual stores. Because of commercial emphasis on taste, speed, product safety, uniformity, and low cost, fast food products are made with ingredients formulated to achieve an identifiable flavor, aroma, texture, and mouth feel and to preserve freshness and control handling costs during preparation and order fulfillment.This requires a high degree of food engineering. The use of additives, including table salt, sugar, flavorings and preservatives, and processing techniques may limit the nutritional value of the final product. pass judgment repastsA value meal is a group of menu items offered together at a lower price than they would cost individually. They are common at fast food restaurants. Value meals are a c ommon merchandising tactic to facilitate bundling, up-selling, and price discrimination. Most of the time they can be upgraded to a larger coat of fries and drink for a small fee.The perceived creation of a discount on individual menu items in exchange for the purchase of a meal is besides consistent with the loyalty marketing school of thought. 8 TechnologyTo make quick service possible and to ensure accuracy and security, many fast food restaurants go in incarnated hospitality point of sale systems. This makes it possible for kitchen crew pot to view orders placed at the front counter or drive through in real time. Wireless systems allow orders placed at drive through speakers to be taken by cashiers and cooks.Drive through and walk through configurations will allow orders to be taken at one register and paid at another. Modern point of sale systems can operate on computer networks using a variety of software programs. Sales records can be generated and remote access to comput er reports can be given to bodied offices, managers, troubleshooters, and other authorized personnel. Food service chains partner with food equipment manufacturers to design highly specialized restaurant equipment, often incorporating heat sensors, timers, and other electronic controls into the design.Collaborative design techniques, such as rapid visualization and parametric modeling of restaurant kitchens are now being used to establish equipment specifications that are consistent with restaurant operating and merchandising requirements. 9 Business Consumer spendingIn the United States alone, consumers spent about $110 billion on fast food in 2000 (which change magnitude from $6 billion in 1970). 10 The National Restaurant Association forecasts that fast food restaurants in the U. S. will reach $142 billion in sales in 2006, a 5% increase over 2005.In comparison, the full-service restaurant segment of the food industry is expected to generate $173 billion in sales. Fast food has been losing market share to so-called fast casual restaurants, which offer more robust and high-ticket(prenominal) cuisines. Major international brandsMcDonalds, a noted fast food supplier, opened its first franchised restaurant in the US in 1955 (1974 in the UK). It has become a phenomenally successful enterprise in terms of monetary growth, brand-name recognition, and worldwide expansion. Ray Kroc, who bought the franchising license from the McDonald brothers, pioneered many concepts which emphasized standardization.He introduced uniform products, identical in all respects at each outlet, to increase sales. At the same time, Kroc also insisted on cutting food costs as much as possible, eventually using the McDonalds Corporations size to force suppliers to conform to this ethos. Other prominent international fast food companies include Burger King, the enactment two hamburger chain in the world, known for promoting its customized menu offerings (Have it Your Way). Multinational corporations typically modify their menus to cater to local tastes and most overseas outlets are owned by native franchisees.McDonalds in India, for example, uses chicken and paneer sooner than beef in its burgers because Hinduism traditionally forbids eating beef. In Israel some McDonalds restaurants are cosher and respect the Jewish Shabbat there is also a kosher McDonalds in Argentina. In Egypt, Morocco, Saudi Arabia, Malaysia, and Singapore, all menu items are halal. North America Animal fries from In-N-Out Burgers secret menu galore(postnominal) fast food operations have more local and regional roots, such as White Castle in the Midwest United States, along with Hardees (owned by CKE Restaurants, which also owns Carls Jr., whose locations are primarily on the United States West Coast)Krystal, Bojangles Famous icteric n Biscuits, Cook Out, and Zaxbys restaurants in the American Southeast Raising Canes in Louisiana Hot n Now in Michigan and Wisconsin In-N-Out Burger (in Calif ornia, Arizona, Nevada, Utah, and Texas) and Original Tommys chains in Southern California Dicks eff in Seattle, capital letter and Arctic Circle in Utah and other western states hoop Burger around Flint, Michigan and Burgerville in the Portland, Oregon area.Also, Whataburger is a popular burger chain in the American South and Mexico, and Jack in the Box is located in the West and South. Canada pizza chains Toppers pizza and Pizza Pizza are primarily located in Ontario. Coffee chain clownish Style operates only in Ontario, and competes with the famous coffee and donut chain Tim Hortons. Maid-Rite restaurant is one of the oldest chain fast food restaurants in the United States. Founded in 1926, their specialty is a loose meat hamburger.Maid-Rites can be found in the midwest mainly Iowa, Minnesota, Illinois, and Missouri. International brands dominant in North America include McDonaldss, Burger King and Wendys, the number three burger chain in the USA Dunkin Donuts, a New England based chain automobile oriented Sonic Drive-Ins from Oklahoma City Starbucks, Seattle-born coffee-based fast food beverage corporation KFC, a part of the largest restaurant conglomerate in the world, Yum Brands and Dominos Pizza, a pizza chain known for popularizing home delivery of fast food. subway system is known for their sub sandwiches and are the largest restaurant chain to serve such food items. 11 Quiznos a Denver based sub shop is another fast growing sub chain, yet with over 6,000 locations it is still far behind Subways 34,000 locations. Other smaller sub shops include Blimpie, Jersey Mikes Subs, Mr. Goodcents, Jimmy Johns, and Firehouse. A&W Restaurants was originally a United States and Canada fast food brand, but is currently an International fast food corporation in several countries.In Canada the majority of fast food chains are American owned, or were originally American owned but have since set up a Canadian management/headquarters location in cities such as Toron to and Vancouver such as Panera Bread, Chipotle Mexican Grill, Five Guys, Carls Jr. and Chilis. Although the case is usually American fast food chains expanding into Canada, Canadian chains such as Tim Hortons have expanded into 22 states in the United States, but are more prominent in border states such as New York and Michigan. Tim Hortons has started to expand to other countries outside of North America.The Canadian Extreme Pita franchise sells low fat and salt pita sandwiches with stores in the larger Canadian cities. Other Canadian fast food chains such as Manchu Wok serve North American port Asian foods this company is located mainly in Canada and the USA, with other outlets on US military bases on other continents. Harveys is a Canadian burger restaurant chain. The United KingdomIn the United Kingdom, many home based fast food operations were closed in the 1970s and 1980s after McDonalds became the number one outlet in the marketcitation needed.However, brands like Wimpy sti ll remain, although the majority of branches became Burger King in 1989. JapanTraditional ramen and sushi restaurants still dominate fast food culture in Japan, although American outlets like Pizza Hut, McDonalds, and KFC are also popular, along with Japanese chains like MOS Burger. NigeriaIn Nigeria, Mr. Biggs, Chicken Republic, Tantalizers, and Tastee Fried Chicken are the predominant fast food chains. KFC and Pizza Hut have recently entered the country. PakistanFast food In Pakistan varies.There are many international chains serving fast food, including Nandos, KFC, McDonalds, Dunkin Donuts, Subway, Pizza Hut, Hardees, Telepizza and Gloria Jeans Coffees. In addition to the international chains, in local cuisine people in Pakistan like to have biryani, bun kebabs, Nihari, kebab rolls and so on as fast food. South AfricaKFC is the most popular fast food chain in South Africa according to a 2010 Sunday Times survey. 12 Chicken Licken, Wimpy and Ocean Basket along with Nandos and St eers are examples of homegrown franchises that are highly popular within the country.McDonalds, Subway and Pizza Hut have a significant presence within South Africa. China and Hong KongIn Hong Kong, although McDonalds and KFC are quite popular, there are 3 major local fast food chains providing Hong Kong Chinese style fast food. These 3 major chains are Cafe de Coral, Fairwood Fast Food, and Maxim MX. In recent years, they have also been extending their operations to Mainland China. IsraelIn Israel, local burger chain Burger Ranch is popular as are McDonalds, Burger King and KFC. Dominos Pizza is also a popular fast food restaurant. Chains like McDonalds offer kosher branches.Non-kosher foods such as cheeseburgers are rare in Israeli fast food chains, even in non-kosher branches. There are many small local fast food chains that serve pizza, burgers and local foods such as falafel. New ZealandIn New Zealand, the fast food market began in the 1970s with KFC (opened 1971), Pizza Hut (1 974), and McDonalds (1976),13 and all three remain popular today. Burger King and Dominos entered the market later in the 1990s. Australian pizza chains Eagle Boys and Pizza Haven also entered the market in the 1990s, but their New Zealand operations were later sell to Pizza Hut and Dominos.Two fast food chains were founded in New Zealand Georgie Pie and Hell Pizza. Georgie Pie opened in 1977, and was based around the Australian and New Zealand meat pie. They went through a failed expansion attempt in the mid-1990s and became economically unviable, resulting in the chain being sold to McDonalds in 1996 the last Georgie Pie restaurant was closed in 1998. Hell Pizza was founded in 1996 in Wellington, and is known for its satanic marketing. Today, it has 64 stores in New Zealand, and also has stores in the UK, Australia, Ireland and Canada.TrendsHealth concernsSome of the large fast food chains are beginning to incorporate healthier alternatives in their menu, e. g. , white meat, snack wraps, salads, and fresh fruit. However, some people see these moves as a tokenistic and commercial measure, rather than an appropriate reaction to ethical concerns about the world ecology and peoples health. McDonalds proclaimed that in March 2006, the chain would include nutritional information on the packaging of all of its products. 14 Consumer appealFast food outlets have become popular with consumers for several reasons. unity is that through economies of scale in purchasing and producing food, these companies can deliver food to consumers at a very low cost. In addition, although some people shun fast food for its predictability, it can be reassuring to a hungry person in a hurry or far from homecitation needed In the post-World warfare II period in the United States, fast food chains like McDonalds rapidly gained a reputation for their cleanliness, fast service, and a child-friendly atmosphere where families on the road could grab a quick meal, or seek a break from the ro utine of home cookingcitation needed.Prior to the rise of the fast food chain restaurant, people generally had a choice between greasy spoon diners where the quality of the food was often questionable and service lacking, or high-end restaurants that were expensive and impractical for families with childrencitation needed. The modern, stream-lined convenience of the fast food restaurant provided a new alternative and appealed to Americans instinct for ideas and products associated with progress, technology, and innovation.citation needed Fast food restaurants rapidly became the eatery everyone could agree on, with many featuring child-size menu combos, play areas, and whimsical branding campaigns, like the iconic Ronald McDonald, designed to appeal to younger customers. Parents could have a few minutes of peace firearm children played or amused themselves with the toys included in their Happy Meal. There is a long history of fast food advert campaigns, many of which are directed a t children.In other parts of the world, American and American-style fast food outlets have been popular for their quality, customer service, and novelty, even though they are often the targets of popular anger towards American foreign policy or globalization more generallycitation needed. Many consumers nonetheless see them as symbols of the wealth, progress, and well-ordered openness of Hesperian society and therefore become trendy attractions in many cities around the world, particularly among younger people with more varied tastes.citation needed Impact of fast food restaurant availabilityOver time, fast food restaurants have been growing rapidly, especially in urban neighborhoods. According to US research, low-income and predominantly African-American neighborhoods have greater icon to fast food outlets than higher income and predominantly white areas. 15 This has put into question whether urbanized neighborhoods were targeted, which causes a more unhealthy group of people com pared to people from a higher socioeconomic status.It has also been shown that there is a lower chance of finding a fast food restaurant in a suburban neighborhood. In a study of selected US locations, Morland et al. (2002) found the number of fast food restaurants and bars was inversely proportional to the wealth of the neighborhood, and that predominantly African-American residential areas were four times less likely to have a supermarket near them than predominantly white areas.16 Innovations timeline 1872 Walter Scott of Providence, RI outfitted a horse-drawn lunch wagon with a simple kitchen, bringing hot dinners to workers17 1902 First Horn & Hardart Automat opened in Philadelphia 1912 Horn & Hardart opens a second Automat in Manhattan 1916 Walter Anderson built the first White Castle in Wichita, KS in 1916, introducing the limited menu, high volume, low cost, high speed hamburger restaurant17 1919 A&W Root Beer took its product out of the soda reverse lightning and into a ro adside stand17 1921 A&W Root Beer began franchising its syrup17.1921 White Castle opens its first restaurant 1926 Maid-Rite opened its first restaurant in Muscatine, Iowa. 1930s Howard Johnsons pioneered the concept of franchising restaurants, formally standardizing menus, signage, and advertising17 1948 In-N-Out Burger begins drive-through service utilizing call-box technology 1967 McDonalds opens its first restaurants outside the U. S. 1 1971 McDonalds begins serving breakfast, test-marketing the Egg McMuffin in the U. S.2 1971 The first Starbucks store opens in Seattle, Washington in Pike Place Market to sell high-quality coffee beans and equipment 1980 7-Eleven introduces the 32-US-fluid-ounce (950 ml) Big Gulp 1981 Arbys offers nutritional information 1987 Howard Schultz leads purchase of the Starbucks brand from its founders (who adopted the name Peets) and begins offering coffee drinks modeled after those sold in Italian coffee bars 1994 McDonalds begins supersizing Extra Val ue Meals.1994 Arctic Circle becomes the first fast food restaurant to sell Angus beef exclusively. 1994 Arbys is first fast food restaurant to implement a no-smoking policy 2002 McDonalds cuts back on the amount of trans fat by 48 percent on french fries 2006 Arbys begins elimination of trans fat oils in french fries Criticisms Hot Dog The fast food industry is a popular target for critics, from anti-globalization activists like Jose Bove to vegetarian activist groups such as PETA.In his popular 2001 book Fast Food Nation, investigative journalist Eric Schlosser leveled a broad, socioeconomic critique against the fast food industry, documenting how fast food rose from small, family-run businesses (like the McDonald brothers burger joint) into large, multinational corporate juggernauts whose economies of scale radically transformed agriculture, meat processing, and labor markets in the late twentieth century.While the innovations of the fast food industry gave Americans more and che aper dining options, it has come at the price of destroying the environment, economy, and small-town communities of rural America while shielding consumers from the real costs of their convenient meal, both in terms of health and the broader impact of big food production and processing on workers, animals, and land. The fast food industry is popular in the United States, the source of most of its innovation, and many major international chains are based there.Seen as symbols of U. S. dominance and perceived cultural imperialism, American fast food franchises have often been the target of Anti-globalization protests and demonstrations against the U. S. government. In 2005, for example, rioters in Karachi, Pakistan, who were initially angered because of the bombing of a Shiite mosque, destroyed a KFC restaurant. 18 Legal issuesIn 2003, McDonalds was sued in a New York court by a family who claimed that the restaurant chain was responsible for their teenage daughters obesity and atten dant health problems.By manipulating foods taste, sugar and fat content, and directing their advertising to children, the suit argued that the company purposely misleads the public about the nutritional value of its product. A judge dismissed the case, but the fast food industry disliked the publicity of its practices, particularly the way it targets children in its advertising. 19 Although further lawsuits have not materialized, the issue is kept alive in the media and political circles by those promoting the need for tort reform. 20.In response to this, the Cheeseburger Bill 21 was passed by the U. S. House of Representatives in 2004 it later stalled in the U. S. Senate. The law was reintroduced in 2005, only to meet the same fate. This law was claimed to ban light lawsuits against producers and sellers of food and non-alcoholic drinks arising from obesity claims. The bill arose because of an increase in lawsuits against fast food chains by people who claimed that eating their products made them obese, disassociating themselves from any of the blame. Fast foodFast food is the term given to food that can be prepared and served very quickly.While any meal with low preparation time can be considered to be fast food, typically the term refers to food sold in a restaurant or store with preheated or precooked ingredients, and served to the customer in a packaged form for take-out/take-away. The term fast food was recognized in a dictionary by MerriamWebster in 1951. Outlets may be stands or kiosks, which may provide no shelter or seating,1 or fast food restaurants (also known as quick service restaurants). Franchise operations which are part of restaurant chains have standardized foodstuffs shipped to each restaurant from central locations History.Pulling wheat dough into thin strands to form lamian See also Fast food restaurant history The concept of ready-cooked food for sale is closely connected with urban development. In Ancient Rome cities had street stand s that sold bread, sausages and vino. Pre-modern EuropeIn the cities of Roman antiquity, much of the urban population living in insulae, multi-story apartment blocks, depended on food vendors for much of their meals. In the mornings, bread soaked in wine was eaten as a quick snack and cooked vegetables and stews later inpopina, a simple type of eating establishment.3 In the Middle Ages, large towns and major urban areas such as London and Paris supported numerous vendors that sold dishes such as pies, pasties, flans, waffles, wafers, pancakes and cooked meats. As in Roman cities during antiquity, many of these establishments catered to those who did not have representation to cook their own food, particularly single households. Unlike richer town dwellers, many often could not afford housing with kitchen facilities and thus relied on fast food. Travellers, as well, such as pilgrims en route to a holy site, were among the customers.4 United Kingdom Fish and chips with mushy peas In areas which had access to coastal or tidal waters, fast food would frequently include local shellfish or seafood, such as oysters or, as in London, eels. Often this seafood would be cooked directly on the quay or close by. 5 The development of trawler fishing in the mid nineteenth century would lead to the development of a British favourite fish and chips, and the first shop in 1860. 6 A blue plaque at Oldhams Tommyfield Market marks the origin of the fish and chip shop and fast food industries in Britain.6 British fast food had considerable regional variation. Sometimes the regionality of dish became part of the culture of its respective area. The content of fast food pies has varied, with poultry (such as chickens) or wildfowl commonly being used. After World War II, turkey has been used more frequently in fast food. 7 As well as its native cuisine, the UK has adopted fast food from other cultures, such as pizza, Chinese noodles, kebab, and curry. More recently healthier alternat ives to conventional fast food have also emerged. United States.Neighboring fast food restaurant advertisement signs in Bowling Green, Kentucky for Wendys, KFC, Krystal and Taco Bell As automobiles became popular and more affordable following World War I, drive-in restaurants were introduced. The American company White Castle, founded by Billy Ingram and Walter Anderson in Wichita, Kansas in 1921, is generally credited with opening the second fast food outlet and first hamburger chain, selling hamburgers for five cents each. 8 Walter Anderson had built the first White Castle restaurant in Wichita in 1916, introducing the limited menu, high volume, low cost, high speed hamburger restaurant.9 Among its innovations, the company allowed customers to see the food being prepared. White Castle was successful from its inception and spawned numerous competitors. Franchising was introduced in 1921 by A&W Root Beer, which franchised its distinctive syrup. Howard Johnsons first franchised the r estaurant concept in the mid-1930s, formally standardizing menus, signage and advertising. 9 Curb service was introduced in the late 1920s and was mobilized in the 1940s when carhops strapped on roller skates. 10.The United States has the largest fast food industry in the world, and American fast food restaurants are located in over 100 countries. Approximately 2 million U. S. workers are employed in the areas of food preparation and food help including fast food in the USA. 11 On the go McDonalds first two-lane drive-thru was at the Rock N Roll McDonalds in Chicago.Fast food outlets are take-away or take-out providers, often with a drive-through service which allows customers to order and pick up food from their cars, but most also have indoor and/or outdoor seating areas in which the customers can eat the food on-site. Nearly from its inception, fast food has been designed to be eate.

The Importance of the 14th Amendment

The fourteenth amendment covers compare protection as well as due process. One of the most influential amendments that is still playing a ample role even today in the court system is the equal protection clause. This clause which states in section 1 No State sh every(prenominal) repudiate to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the law of natures. In section 5, the Amendment establishes the federal civil rights legislation The Congress shall have power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this article. These clauses have been the basis for many court challenges, and ultimately the Supreme Court must decide if discrimination issues are unreasonably antiblack against a particular group or class of individuals. This country has witnessed laws challenged under this Amendment such as the separate but equal laws, also known as Jim Crow laws. The Supreme Court must use three different hears to determine if a law breaks the equal protection c lause.The three tests are to intromit strict scrutiny, which prevents certain groups from practicing a fundamental right, such as freedom of speech. The law must be a compelling state interest. A law found on a suspect classification such as race falls under this test. There must be justification that a law is written and it is a compelling state interest. The next test is negociate scrutiny. This is more difficult for the Court to decide on, but under this test, laws based on gender classification are allowed only when they are clearly related to a government issue.The punishment for statutory rape was an example used. custody are punished but women generally arent. The reason being, women are the ones who become pregnant, so an over age man who impregnates an under aged girl has left over(p) her dealing with the ramifications of his actions. It is not as clear cut with an over aged women and under aged male. Yet having separate drinking ages for males and females does not mee t the criteria of the intermediate scrutiny because it is unreasonable to think there should be any different in the genders in this case.The last test is the rational test. Most laws pass this test as most laws are reasonable. An example given was a city that didnt want street venders in a certain area of town. The city just needs to show that it is reasonable to not want venders in an area because the city doesnt want an increase in traffic issues in an area, or any other reasonable justification for prohibiting certain actions. This clause however has been used to eventually overturn the idea that separate but equal is constitutional.In 1955, the Supreme Court ruled that segregated school was a violation and even harmful to children. Much of the civil rights movement was based on this clause, that all people are to be equal under the eyes of the law. Today we are looking at very similar battles going on in our courts. It is no longer an issue of race or even gender, but disabili ties and sexual orientation. Many are fighting for their equal protection under the law. They arent asking for special treatment, just equal treatment, as protected by the Fourteenth Amendment.

Does Age Really Matter? Essay

Some people may think that epoch matters in birth while differents say that relationships work best when the male is older, but I do non agree with either ideology. I used to believe that age matters in a relationship but after personally personnel casualty through an experience that counteracted those beliefs, I finally believed. When my cousin, Mojgun, met the live of their life no one, including myself, eer believed that the relationship would work, especially since she was five years older than him. Usually in the Persian culture, the man is supposed to be older than the female, always, and when that isnt the case, there is not much hope for the relationship. After being together for six years, they finally married, and now she is expecting their second child, and they argon happier than they could ever be. With that, age doesnt matter in a relationship because it all depends on the individuals ideals, culture, and what their goal is in that relationship or that point in their life what theyre look for.Age doesnt matter in a relationship as long as they both are mature and they bedevil a alike(p) goal in their life and they care about each opposite. A relationship is like a boat in the ocean if they dont know where theyre heading too and if they cant work together, they never can land the boat. The only thing that matters the intimately in a relationship is the love between couples. If you are in a relationship with a person that recurrences advantage of you or abuses you, it occupys no difference what your situation or age is they impart do that no matter what the age is. An example of that is one of my moms childhood friends married a man ii years younger than here, and since they have been together he has been abusive to her ever since. It has not gotten any better, in fact it has gotten worse, because now she is use to it and thinks thats what love is. No matter what people try to do, including my mom intervening, she always goes back t o him because thats how her brain is trained now. Thats what she grew up with, especially with her relationship, and thats what she is given over to.The relationship obviously is not healthy because they both dont have the aforesaid(prenominal) goals in that relationship, which should be including treating each other with respect, not debasing each other. No matter what the age, if she was younger orolder, her husband is the type of person who is abusive, and age would not fix any of it. It would remain the same because thats how his personality is. Perhaps, if he was actually loving, and really treated her with respect, she would know what real love is, but she does not, and it is sad to see her live with that, thinking that deep mastered it is love. Love should not hurt, and in her case thats all she feels on a constant basis from him. Through this example, it clearly shows that age does not take a toll on the end result or on whats occurring between my mothers friend and her husband. No matter what the age, everything will still stay the same, and eventually as magazine passes by things will get worse and worse, as sad as that is. When people have the same goals on the other hand, like for example, wanting to settle down and have children, relationships are more believably to be successful.When couples have the same goals at the while of meeting or starting a relationship, it plays really vital to the success of that relationship. If one likes to go out and party, and the other does not there is always going to be that friction between them because one is doing something the other does not approve of, and so forth. Regardless of the age, there is always going to be that friction. On the other hand, if both like to stay at home, dine in, and share the same interests it really doesnt matter what age they are because they share the same interests or common goals. When couples have the same long-term goals in mind, such as having kids or settling down get ting married, they will do whatever they have to do to complete that end goal, and both do that to make sure it happens. For example, if a man is not looking to settle down, while the woman is, there is always going to be friction, and most likely that relationship is not going to work out.In my own experience, even though I am only twenty two years old, I have had relationships where girls wanted to become something more serious than I could handle, and I just was not tack for that. As a result it caused a lot of road blocks because we did not see eye to eye on what was going on with the relationship and where it was going, consequently me having to break up with her because its not a common goal we shared. I did not plan on marrying her or being in a committed relationship where I knew I wanted to marry her, I just was not ready. Regardless of age, if one is ready to settle, when the other is not, the relationship is most likely not going to work, because its in theirmentality, the personality, whether they want to settle down at that point in time or in their life. Anyone could make an argument that if someone was older or younger, it could have an impact, but in the end, it all depends on the individual and age doesnt necessarily mean that your outlook, personality, or opinions change.As one gets older, you can argue that their opinions become more solidified, and they become more stable with who they are, and what they want in life. Primarily in the Persian culture, women are always treated with the utmost respect. It does not matter how old each partner is in the relationship, because there is always the basic foundation of treating each other with respect, especially Persian men with Persian women. They are like a team, and no matter what, they will do what they have to do to win the adventure (life), side by side.When a couple sees eye to eye, it does not matter how old they are, it matters that they understand each other, and want their relationshi p to work. Relationships work if you take the time to get to the know the person you are going to be with. If they dont share the same ideals, culture beliefs, or goals in life, most likely the relationship is not going to work. It all depends on the type of individuals that are paired together and whether there is chemistry and that drive to make it work, otherwise its an uphill battle. When couples who are together share the same interests, goals in life, and beliefs, theres a higher probability that their relationship will work, regardless of their age.

The Mummy at the Dining Room Table

The Mummy at the Dining Room Table provides many examples of unusual and difficult fibers, and assures the reader that in that location is hope for every situation. One of the virtually helpful aspects of the adjudge is that it potful be used to prepargon for a patient and condition, for which the therapist in not familiar. . While every patient is different, the book provides the consistent message, which therapy is helpful and people can grow and transplant and succeed. The book gives a large number of examples and treatment strategies that can be helpful to any clinician.Reading about the experiences of experts such as Albert Ellis, William Glasser and Jay Haley is like seeing the theories and techniques in action. The book has use for the clinician as well as the patients. It points out what clinicians learn from their clients, and how they grow as clinicians, becoming more expert and insightful. The clinician learns more about human emotion from every client in which they postdate in contact.One of the aspects of this book that can be intimidating to the impudent therapist is the creativity and expertise of the clinicians in the book. Each therapist has a unique and energising in-personity. They are interesting people. Someone new to the field, without the experience and confidence may find the case example and techniques intimidating to some degree. Reminding oneself that everyone started out as new and tentative in the field can help overcome that intimidation.These are well-known and highly successful therapists blethering about their most memorable clients and situation. The book tells the stories in a dramatic, interesting and at times funny way. It is so helpful to read the behind the scenes accounts of the therapists preparation for these unusual case scenario. Even the most expert of therapists are always learning and researching. We learn that power of the therapeutic kind cannot be underestimated and that even the most unusual patie nts and problems can be treated. expect is an important part of treatment. With insight, an open mind and hard work, success often comes. The cases situations, therapists, clients and therapeutic techniques are fascinating.The books make it clear that fieldwork, videotaping and supervision are so important. It is a reminder that our patients are real people and not subjects of an experiment. The therapist has a responsibility to be prepared and well trained. Many of the therapists in this book get done extensive research on their techniques. These therapists take a journey with their clients and are able to help them develop solutions to their problems.In Chapter One, The Man Who Wanted His nose Cut Off, the new therapist, Jeffrey Kottler was inwardly shocked by his clients confession that he had been having a sexual and somewhat romantic kinship with a cow. Kottler only saw this client twice but learned an extremely valuable lesson for a therapist. He learned that the simple act of listening, in a non-judgmental way is actually therapeutic. He listened and reflected back to his client and did not judge or attempt to change or analyze anything in these ii sessions.He simply listened and by the second session, it seemed that the client Manny had come to his own solution. While Mannys solution was not what Kottler would establish though was ideal, for Manny it was apparently a hunky-dory solution for Manny and he never returned to therapy. Clients will not always complete the journey or the goal that we as therapists brace in mind.My personal taste sensation and belief system is most congruent with human-centered an existentialism. This approach to therapy is open minded, flexible, client centered and believes in the goodness of the client and of humanities ability to change and grow. Existential psychology grew from the writings of such well-known philosophers as Kierkegaard, Sartre and Camus. Much of their writings talked about the ability of human beings to come through adversity.They focus on self-reliance and responsibility and come out on the other side with a philosophy that focused on self-reliance, authenticity, responsibility, and mortality. Rollo May, is one humanistic psychologist that translates the philosophy to psychology. His therapy focuses on the here and now and a clients freedom to choose. Existential psychology focuses less on the persons genetics, experiences as a child or family or origin and more on the persons perceptions, responses and conscious choices in the immediate. The existential believers see the motive for behavioral as the rift between existential anxiety and freedom.In the case of Manny, a therapist could easily be entrapped in the reasons for his sexual behavior with a cow and his apparent attraction to the cow. The therapist could get a line at his family history and try to determine if something led him to this behavior. Another therapist may be inclined to believe that he simply never ha d graceful sex education and so was finding it difficult to relate to human women. Perhaps all Manny knows is how cows have sex. No matter what the reason, the treatment is to deliver Manny of his unhappiness. He came in complaining about his nose and then quickly began to talk about the cow.The key to treating many was in the relationship between the therapist and the client. As Kottler learned I believe, easing the anxiety may have been the real key to treating Manny. Relieving some of the anxiety through acceptance began the treatment make for Manny. The end result, which seemed to give Manny the freedom to pursue this bovine relationship and simply cover up the smell. This may not have been the best outcome at all and I believe there is a lesson there as well. With several more sessions, Kottler may have been able to address the anxiety Manny feels regarding relationships with humans.This sure enough may have mandatory some sex education as well as some exploration into fami ly dynamics, but it would also have required a discussion on what he wanted in terms of a romantic relationship. He may have moved to discuss the getting even of existential angst and the desire for meaningful relationships with humansKottler talks at the end of his chapter, about another patient who was distressed by his desire to dress in womens clothing. Kottlers reaction and apparent acceptance relieved the anxiety for this man. The man was disturbed by his thought but had difficulty managing them, that was is reason for coming to treatment. Ultimately, with therapy, the mans disturbing thoughts subsided to a level he was able to accept. I believe Kottlers examples speak about the importance of the therapeutic relationship as the major tool in therapy.With both of these patients, therapy could have, and may have helped the person examine their relationships and make conscious choices that would relived the anxiety and fear that exists without a meaning to ones life. Mannys futu re therapy might have moved him towards self-discovery and reflection that he has the ability and freedom to develop meaningful, fulfilling human relationships that result in happiness. He may have been able to discover why he was at the time, using cows for sexual gratification and how he might ultimately, and move to fulfilling intimate relationship with a human.Carl Rogers, with his humanistic focus, believes that humans are good, and desire to be the best and do the best person realistic. pot do not always accomplish this desire easily, which is where therapy becomes important. Manny, given the freedom to talk and lead the conversation to some extent, could have worked towards self-actualization. If Manny is disturbed by his current relationship and want to move towards relationships that he will find more fulfilling, therapy can be the key. The therapeutic environment can allow him to explore anything in a safe environment and then he can make choices for his life. Manny may have been able to understand the c one timepts of real self versus ideal self, meaning what he is and what he wants to become or move towards.The many case examples in this work all speak to the hop and powerfulness of therapy and relationships. My belief in the humanistic approach is even stronger as I read these examples. People with such disturbing problems including the woman who hanged herself to test her husband and the family with the mummy at the table, all can have a positive ending. Though not perfect, and by chance not what the therapist would want, but progress can be made.In the chapter by Carlson, with the same title as the book, a family had mummified a female member of the family. We actually learn about this because the main character of the chapter, Trina is seeking to understand herself better. She feels it is important to establish contact with her family, which we are aware is somewhat dysfunctional. As it turns out, Trinas aunty has been mummified because the family felt that it would ease their grief. The woman died at home and so with the help of a friend in the medical field, the woman was embalmed and mummified.The family would actually sit her at the dining room table .It seems that the entire family, including her husband and children are involved with the caretaking of the mummified woman. This example, and this family is probably the most bizarre of the books many odd cases. As a humanistic therapist, this family, if they were in treatment, would need ample time to o talk a process the decisions they had made and the reasoning behind the decisions.Addressing grief, the loss of a close personal relationship and perhaps acknowledging that many people may feel the same way about the loss of a loved one. Most people however, do not have the resources to embalm and mummify. As with the case of Manny, the behavior is odd and troublesome and probably illegal. However, it is possible trough understanding, flexibility, a non-judgmental a ttitude and hope, that the family can have a successful outcome.Each example case in the book is real and each saw some measure of success. Each therapist, no matter what he level of experience at the time of the particular case, learned something from the treatment process. While these cases are shocking and interesting to read about, their treatment process and the relationship with the therapist is not really that different from treatment with other patients.It is important for therapists to understand and look for the uniqueness in each individual and not to merely seek out the unusual or overlook the more typical. Even the most seemingly straightforward problems, can be complicated and unusual once unraveled. This was so with the case of Trina, who began in treatment to address a standard marital issue. The key to treatment is the training and understanding of the therapist, the belief that treatment is possible and then the therapeutic relationship..

Escape Essay

All day long Orloff had paced his cell. The blackness of the sky outside was equaled merely by the blackness of his thoughts. The deep rolling of the thunder reverberated through the thick stone w in alls of his prison, and every at present and then a fitful gust of rain swirled through the tiny broken window, roiledting his grammatical case as he stared out into the night. Orloff cursed, wiped the water from his display case with his grimy fingers, and turned to pacing his cell erst more.For seven long years Orloff had been thus confined but a small fraction of the intent sentence he was serving for the horrible crime he had committed. But at magazines he had asked himself, Was it not worth it, after all? He could still feel the wet, warm blood trickling amidst his fingers, and see the whites of his victims look. Then, too, there was that great day of the trial, when so many officials, in their refined uniforms and gold braid, and so many beautiful women, clad in their f urs and satins, had gazed at him, horror-struck, unable to avert their eyes from his face, or miss one word that fell from his lipsAt such times Orloff would rub his hold and smile to himself, in memory of that great day.But tonight Orloff was in a different mood. minacious despair and vengeance reigned supreme in his soul he wished only to escape, in order that he might seek out his destroyers and in turn destroy them. His steps became more feverishly foment perspiration gathered on his forehead and he clenched his hands until the nails spot into his flesh and brusque trickles of blood oozed from between his fingers. A brilliant lightning flash illuminated the far wall of his cell release it as it had never been lighted before. Orloffs eyes became riveted upon a huge stone, on the lowest gradWere his eyes deceiving him, or had he in truth seen a tiny crack surrounding it, as though the cement had been scraped away or altogether removed? Hardly daring to breathe he tip-toed a fall guy the room and fell on his knees before the stone, feeling its edges with his blood-stained fingers.Yes, there was a deep crack surrounding it. And, what was more, the stone was loose. Orloff tugged at it, scraping the flesh from his fingers, sweat pouring from his face and matted hairsbreadthIt movedHe pulled the great stone from its place and peered into the blackness beyond. Another lightning flash showed him what he had only dared hope for a passage in the rock, leading downward from his place of torment.On the history was a piece of paper, folded and yellow with age. With trembling fingers he carried it to the window, through which shone the unclouded rays of a lamp in the courtyard below, and there unfolded it. On it was a brief message, apparently pen with some dark red fluid. For the first time in his life Orloff was glad that he had been made to read, if only a little.For on the paper was writtenI escaped by this passage. May he who finds this share my good f ortune. It was signed S.K.The tramp of the watchs feet resounded outside the door of his cell. Orloff threw himself over the stone till the footsteps had died away then he knife thrust his head and shoulders into the opening, and began slowly to worm his way along the narrow passage before him.The walls of the passage were wet with slime and mould, and sharp, jagged rocks protruded, tearing Orloffs clothes and scratching deep into his fleshBut of all this Orloff knew nothing. His eyes were gleaming, but only one thought was present in his mind escape. He remove his bloody fingers into the mud and pushed himself steadily forward, flat on his stomach, like a serpent.As he advanced, the floor of the passage became steeper and steeper, diagonal at an ever-greater angle. The walls became yet wetter and more slimy and the jagged rocks bit deeper into his writhing limbs. Foot after foot Orloff propelled himself along this narrow, sloping path. His breath came in short gasps, eon the d arkness seemed to become ever more intense. For one moment he paused, an agonizing fear injection through him. He realized that it would be impossible for him ever to asc residuum that sloping passage to find out his cell. A cold shiver ran down his spine. Then, he clenched his teeth and propelled himself forward with the superhuman specialisation of despair.A sharp bend in the passage revealed a sight which made him gasp. A faint circular opening in the distance permitted the rays of the moon which had fitfully begun to shine to penetrate the stygian blackness. The end of the passage lay before him. Victory escape The cold night air fanned his face he urged himself onward in a last desperate effort.The passage became ever more sloping as he advanced. His body was inclined at a sickening angle. Strange streaks of blackness seemed to cross his vision, as he half(a) fell, half slid the few feet which yet remained to be traversed. Orloffs head crashed into something hard, which hal f stunned him. A moment later he opened his eyes, and saw before him a severely barred iron grating, and a skeleton.

History of Culinary Arts Essay

The history of culinary contrivances started in the earlier 1800 when the first grooming school in Boston was established to t distributively the art of American cooking and prepare the students to deliver and forward their knowledge to others. It was in 1896 Fannie Merritt Farmer published the first cook appropriate the book was written referring the Boston cooking school. In the family 1946 the first cooking show was telecasted on the televised. After thatJames Beard the father of American cuisine conducted regular cooking classes concentrating on the art of American cooking.In 1960s the French cuisine has been entered the American society by Julia Child. Later in the year the Culinary Institute of America (CIA) was founded and established this was the first culinary school that offers career-based courses of course in the art of cooking. The first campus of the CIA was inNew York and was started in 1972 and now there are Different types of cooking schools that offer different kinds of cultivation programs to its candidates and the selection of the appropriate culinary humanistic discipline and it can be determined by considering the goals and interests and aid to drive the education programaccordingly.The school was begun with the intention of offering education courses in culinary arts. The school offers both dour term and short term courses. There are a number of students who enrol in the CIA and each year and the number of applicants increase. Prior to the establishing of the CIA, those who wanted to have a career in culinary arts typically had to go through many tests and challenges like until they become seasoned chefs by gaining on-the-job trainings. spirit at this today internships and recruitments are among the main essentials. .

Analysing Slyvia Plath’s “Mushroom” Poem Essay

The poem Mushroom discusses the persistent struggle as the central theme. The lines that depicts the struggle argon our hammers, our rams, earless and eyeless, perfectly voteless as personified by the mushrooms. Plaths made use of allusions in the urinate of the last stanza our foots in the access The structure of the poem has 23 lines, with nursery rhyme quality along with many repetitions of phrasing and sounds to depict fertility. Plath use the style of poem for younger children.The piece of the poem is the author herself who had two failed suicidal attempts and re-evaluated by the persona in the poem either from a perspective of a rebellious present. The literary devices used in the poem are personification, metaphor and allusion. Plath personified mushrooms by giving them human characteristics, found in the lines of earless and eyeless, perfectly voiceless. The author also used metaphor of the mushrooms as tables, together with their meekness. The subject mushrooms, as a me taphor for volume who are lots underestimated people.The poem also showed the allusion of found in the last line our foots in the door based o the Beatitude the meek shall inherit the earth. It conveys the dilemma of the oppressed (or mushroom) wherein personification of the poor and voiceless are found as mushrooms. The overall meaning of the poem for contemporary reading audience is to see how to have a deep desire to gain power and control regardless of how oppressed, struggling these people are. Works Cited Plath, Sylvia, The Journals of Sylvia Plath, edited Karen V. Kukil, Faber and Faber, London, 2000.